@inproceedings{8679eb05d9ad4a41a98eb6f4249749dc,
title = "Optimizing PSNR for image watermarking using summation quantization on DWT coefficients",
abstract = "This study presents an optimization-based image watermarking scheme that applies summation quantization technique to multi-coefficients of discrete wavelet transform (DWT). Peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) and bit error ratio (BER) are commonly performance indexes in measuring the quality and robustness of an image watermarking scheme. To optimize the tradeoff between PSNR and BER, we minimize the difference between original and watermarked frequency coefficients. First, PSNR is expressed as a performance index using matrix form. Then, an optimized-quality functional that relates the performance index to the summation quantization technique is obtained. Finally, the Lagrange Principle is utilized to obtain the optimal solution. The optimal solution is applied to watermarking. Experimental results show that the watermarked image can keep high PSNR and achieve better BER even when the number of coefficients for embedding a watermark bit increases.",
author = "Yang, {Chao Tung} and Chu, {William C.C.} and Huang, {Huan Nan} and Chen, {Shuo Tsung} and Chen, {Der Fa} and Lin, {Chiu Chun} and Chang, {Chih Hung}",
year = "2015",
month = sep,
day = "21",
doi = "10.1109/COMPSAC.2015.194",
language = "English",
series = "Proceedings - International Computer Software and Applications Conference",
publisher = "IEEE Computer Society",
pages = "68--74",
editor = "Gang Huang and William Chu and Pao-Ann Hsiung and Jingwei Yang and Chang, {Carl K.} and Ahamed, {Sheikh Iqbal} and Ivica Crnkovic",
booktitle = "Proceedings - 2015 IEEE 39th Annual Computer Software and Applications Conference - Stephen S. Yau Academic Symposium, COMPSAC 2015",
address = "United States",
note = "2015 IEEE 39th Annual Computer Software and Applications Conference - Stephen S. Yau Academic Symposium, COMPSAC 2015 ; Conference date: 01-07-2015 Through 05-07-2015",
}