Abstract
We report on the formation of high-barrier Ti and Ni contacts to (NH 4)2Sx-treated ZnO films grown by pulsed-laser deposition. The x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) results show that the position of the Zn 3d core-level peak at the (NH4)2S x-treated ZnO surface is the same as that at the Ti/(NH 4)2Sx-treated ZnO or Ni/(NH4) 2Sx-treated ZnO interfaces, suggesting the occurrence of Fermi-level (EF) pinning and the formation of a barrier height of ∼2.7 eV. From the photoluminescence and XPS measurements, it is suggested that a high Zn-vacancy density might cause the ZnO EF to be pinned close to the Zn-vacancy defect level at approximately 0.7 eV above the valence band maximum. In addition, the discrepancy in barrier-height values obtained from XPS and current-voltage measurements suggests the formation of S-Zn surface dipoles with S atoms on the surfaces.
Original language | English |
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Article number | 075308 |
Journal | Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics |
Volume | 42 |
Issue number | 7 |
DOIs | |
Publication status | Published - 2009 Apr 9 |
All Science Journal Classification (ASJC) codes
- Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials
- Condensed Matter Physics
- Acoustics and Ultrasonics
- Surfaces, Coatings and Films