Effect of the electromagnetic environment on the dynamics of charge and phase particles in one-dimensional arrays of small Josephson junctions

The effect of the electromagnetic environment on the dynamics of quasi-particles, Cooper pairs and phase particles in one-dimensional arrays of small Josephson junctions is investigated experimentally and theoretically. It is found that the environment enhances the phase ordering and thus suppresses quasi-particle tunneling at high temperature and localization of Cooper pairs at low temperature. The dynamics is studied in the context of phase-charge duality, and the experimental results are quantitatively analyzed in both charge-ordered and phase-ordered regimes. Based on these analyses, a low-temperature phase diagram as well as a finite-temperature crossover phase diagram are constructed and compared to the experimental diagrams.