Effect of pt loading order on photocatalytic activity of Pt/TiO₂ nanofiber in generation of H₂from neat ethanol

TiO₂ nanofibers that are loaded with 1 wt % Pt metal that is introduced at different stages of the wet impregnation procedure have very different photocatalytic activities. Two photocatalysts prepared using different procedures were denoted as PtHTN and PtB catalysts. The former was prepared by impregnating hydrogen trititanate nanofibers (H₂Ti₃O ₇, abbreviated as HTN) directly with H₂PtCl₆, before calcining between 573 and 873 K and then reducing at 423 K in flowing hydrogen. The latter was prepared by initially calcining HTN nanofiber between 573 and 873 K to yield TiO₂ nanofiber, and then impregnating this TiO₂ support with H₂PtCl₆; the support was then calcined and reduced as PtHTN to produce PtB catalysts. Although most of their physical properties such as surface area, pore volume, crystalline phase composition and crystallinity, capability to absorb UV light, and band gap energy are quite similar, the optimized H₂ yield over PtB catalyst in the photocatalytic dehydrogenation of neat ethanol was 1.86 times that over PtHTN catalyst. XPS and subambient temperature temperature-programmed reduction indicated that the stronger photocatalytic activity of PtB was associated with its higher surface Pt concentration and better reducibility and electron conductivity. The specific Pt impregnation order generated in the PtHTN catalyst a strong interaction between the Pt nanoparticles and the TiO₂ nanofiber surface that was not present in the PtB catalyst. This interaction was revealed by the particular microstructure at the Pt - nanofiber interface, as observed by HRTEM, which was responsible for the marked difference between the electronic properties and the photocatalytic activities of the two catalysts.