A Forwarding Station Integrated the Low Energy Adaptive Clustering Hierarchy in Ad-hoc Wireless Sensor Networks

An ad-hoc wireless sensor network is also called self-organized networking that wireless sensor nodes can automatically communicate for each other. Therefore, each sensor node is no need for the information such as location of each sensor. Similarly, it consumes much energy on the information exchanged of each sensor node in order to maintain the entire ad-hoc wireless sensor network alive. Therefore, there are totally three phases in this paper. First, the setup phase is that all sensor nodes are randomly deployed and the ad-hoc wireless sensor network is divided into many clusters in each round. Therefore, every cluster has only one cluster head. Second, each sensor node transmits its message to the cluster head where it belongs to and then the cluster head transmits the messages coming from sensor nodes and deliver it to forwarding station. Finally, the forwarding station forwards the integrated messages from all cluster heads back to the base station. However, it consumes less energy for all cluster heads to transmit directly back to the base station. Hence, the far away location of the base station usually consumes the cluster head much energy to transmit the message to the base station. With the proposed three-phase scheme, the ad-hoc wireless network lifetime can be extended very well. Also, the simulation results show the entire ad-hoc wireless network lifetime can be extended very well.